Forging the scientific worldview in the nineteenth century and integrative processes in science

Abstract

The article focuses on the issue of the scientist’s professional ethics, which is of great importance, because the scientist changes and transforms society with his research, which provides concrete guidelines for further scientific and technical development. A civilized society, which consists of active and conscious citizens, listens to the words, advice and suggestions of scientists. The article examines integrated processes in science and the difference between the scientific worldview and the one generally accepted in the 19th century. The article discusses the history of the development of science, as well as the history of conflict and change of competing research programs that occur as a result of their heuristic power in interpreting empirical data, in predicting the future development of science, and in defending the field. The analysis of the scientific literature made it possible to conclude that the strong-willed and consciously-minded highly educated Ukrainians, whose efforts implemented the best European experience, always took care of the formation of the next comprehensively developed generation, which would become their worthy replacement. The multivariate development of pro-Ukrainian higher education touched the best educational and scientific traditions of the bearers of European culture and experience. Based on this, it is worth noting that the question of worldview cannot be solved if it is put in an abstract and general form, that is, outside the history of its development. The article demonstrates that even if the broadest clarification of the word “worldview” is carried out, it will not give much insight into the contradictions of this term. It will be much easier to understand what a scientific worldview is. Therefore, the article reveals the specificity of the scientific worldview, presenting it as a different historical type based on the principle of historicism. From which we can conclude that historical types of worldview are the result of different forms of spiritual and practical attitude of a person to himself and the outside world in combination with the creation of cultural and historical conditions of social life at a certain moment. They guarantee historical stability and provide a meaningful and purposeful history for communities, and the scientist is responsible for the consequences of his actions that may affect the development of humanity or the natural world. The researcher must resist the desire to obtain results that deviate from the principles of truth, reliability, interpersonal trust, and humanism.